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原文：
Often, the type of valve offered depends on the patient’s age or personal preference.
“Because of religious beliefs, some people may notCHECK VALVES
want the porcine valve,” said Dr. Atman Shah, a cardiologist and an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Chicago. “It depends on the patient and what the patient wants.”
Heart valve replacements fall into two categories: tissue and mechanical, said Dr. Philip Ragno, director of cardiovascular health and wellness at Winthrop University Hospital in Mineola, L.I. Mechanical GATE VALVES
valves, made of manmade materials, can last for about 30 years, while tissue valves wear out after roughly 20 years. The downside of mechanical valves is that they can cause blood clots, so the patient must take blood thinners, Ragno explained. These carry their own risks, including internal bleeding and excessive bleeding from a wound.
“We would put younger patients on a mechanical valve since they are expected GLOBE VALVE
to live longer,” Ragno said. “For older people who may be more likely to take a fall, we use the tissue valves.”
Valve surgery, which differs from the heart surgery a person would undergo for clogged arteries, is done to replace a valve that may have grown sticky with age. “The valves are the conduits that open and close andMUD VALVES
make sure blood is traveling through the heart in the right direction,” Ragno explained.
A person has four valves. If a replacement is needed, there are several options to consider. One, a homograft, is performed when someone needs a valve and an artery replaced at the same time, Ragno said.
While tissue valves may use the animal’s actual valve, some are constructed fromMULTI-FUNCTIONAL WATER PUMP CONTROL VALVE
material surrounding the animal’s heart, Ragno said.
For patients who are getting a tissue valve, a pig valve is definitely the one of choice, according to Ragno.
“A pig’s anatomy is very similar to a human’s,” he explained. “These valves are the most compatible to ours, and the most plentiful.”
Read more: http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/health/2010/07/14/2010-07-14_barbara_walters_cowvalve_surgery_experts_reveal_whats_behind_it.html#ixzz0vVOb6Gra
原文来自：http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/gaming/news/a192467/valve-begins-ai-bot-testing-on-tf2.html
Valve begins AI bot testing on 'TF2' 是由 上海依耐泵阀有限公司提供的阀门新闻，中文译文仅供参考，以下提供站内导：
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以下是参考译文：
译文：对于老年人更有可能采取跌倒，使用组织阀门
通常情况下，所提供的阀门类型取决于患者的年龄或个人偏好。
“因为宗教信仰，有些人可能不希望猪瓣膜，”阿特曼沙阿博士说，一个心脏蝶阀
病专家和医学在美国芝加哥大学的助理教授。 “这取决于对病人和病人想要什么。”
心脏瓣膜置换分为两大类：组织和力学博士说，菲利普Ragno，心血管健康和保健主任呼吸阀
温斯洛普大学医院的米尼奥拉，李机械阀，人造材料制成的，可以持续大约30年，而组织阀磨损后大约20年之久。对机械阀的缺点是，它们可导致血液凝块，因此患者必须采取血液稀释剂，Ragno解释。这些携带他们自己的，包括内部出疏水阀
血和伤口出血过多的风险。
“我们把一个机械阀年轻的患者，因为他们预计将隔膜阀
活得更长，”Ragno说。 “对于老年人谁更有可能采取跌倒，我们使用组织阀门。”
瓣膜手术，其中心脏外科手术的不同，一个人会接受的动脉阻塞，是为了取代，可能旋塞阀
随着年龄的增长粘阀。 “阀门是管道，开放和关闭，并确保血液是通过在正确的方向行驶的心，”Ragno解释。
一个人有4个阀门。如果替换的需要，有几种方案可供考虑。一，一个同种，当有人需要执行的阀门，并在同一时间取代了动脉，Ragno说。
虽然组织阀可以使用动物的实际阀，部分是从柱塞阀
周围的动物的心脏材料建造，Ragno说。
对于谁是病人得到一个组织瓣，一猪阀肯定是选择之一，据Ragno。
“一个猪的解剖是非常类似于人类的，”他解释道。 “这些针型阀
阀门是最兼容我们的，最丰富的。”
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